His paintings are held in museum collections around the world. His work continued to influence other artists, from his friend Picasso and Fernand Léger to Max Ernst and the Surrealists. Rousseau died on September 2, 1910, in Paris. Rousseau also formed business relationships with important dealers however, despite these connections, he made very little money from his art. Jarry introduced Rousseau to members of the Parisian artistic and literary avant-garde, including Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Marie Laurencin, all of whom became admirers of his art. That year he met the writer Alfred Jarry, who gave him the nickname "Le Douanier" ("the customs officer"). In 1893, at the age of 49, Rousseau retired from his work as a toll collector and dedicated himself to his art. His art was seen and appreciated by established artists such as Camille Pissarro and Paul Signac, who praised his direct, emotional approach to his subject matter.
He submitted works to these open, un-juried shows from 1886 until the end of his life. 'Le Douanier' and the Avant-GardeĪlthough Rousseau's art was not understood or accepted by the conservative, official art world of Paris, he was able to show his work in annual exhibitions organized by the Société des Artistes Indépendants. The first of these works was "Tiger in a Tropical Storm" of 1891 (now at the National Gallery in London). Many of Rousseau's signature paintings depicted human figures or wild animals in jungle-like settings. Sometimes Rousseau incorporated details inspired by paintings he had viewed at museums or images he had seen in books and magazines, transforming them into elements of his own visions. His portraits and landscapes often had a childlike or "naïve" quality, since he had not learned anatomy or perspective their vivid colors, ambiguous spaces, non-realistic scale and dramatic intensity gave them a dreamlike quality. Perhaps because he had not studied art according to any prescribed method or under any teacher's supervision, Rousseau developed a highly personal style. He never had a formal art education instead, he taught himself by copying paintings in the art museums of Paris and by sketching in the city's botanical gardens and natural history museums. Meanwhile, Rousseau had begun to paint in his spare time. In 1868, Rousseau left the army and moved to Paris, where he began working as a toll collector at the entrance to the city. In his late teens, he worked for a lawyer and then enlisted in the army, although he never saw combat. Rousseau attended school in Laval until 1860. Henri Julien Félix Rousseau was born into a middle-class family in the town of Laval in northwest France on May 21, 1844. Despite his connections with other artists and dealers, he never profited from his paintings however, works like "The Dream," "The Sleeping Gypsy" and "Carnival Evening" influenced many artists who came after him. He was given the nickname "Le Douanier" ("the customs officer") by his acquaintances in the Parisian avant-garde.
While working as a toll collector in Paris, Henri Rousseau taught himself to paint and exhibited his work almost annually from 1886 until the end of his life.
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